The Japanese government has compiled proposals for reforming the World Trade Organization, advocating for stronger agreements to regulate subsidies that distort free trade. It calls for adding unlimited debt guarantees and subsidies to effectively insolvent zombie companies to the list of prohibited measures. With China's massive subsidies and other non-market practices in mind, the proposal also includes strict compliance with detailed subsidy reporting obligations and promoting the use of a counter-notification system where other countries report subsidies. On the decision-making process, to avoid the drawbacks of unanimity, it suggests measures to facilitate plurilateral agreements among willing nations and introduces a mechanism requiring countries that wish to block an agreement to explain the harm caused. Japan aims to serve as a discussion facilitator and raise its profile ahead of the 2028 WTO Ministerial Conference.