The U.S. Supreme Court overturned the 1935 precedent Humphrey’s Executor v. U.S. in Trump v. Slaughter, restoring the President’s power to remove Federal Trade Commission commissioners at will. The 5-4 decision held that FTC commissioners exercise executive power, and Article II requires the President to have unlimited removal authority over such officers to ensure accountability. In a separate ruling, Trump v. Cook, the Court held 5-4 that President Trump improperly removed Federal Reserve Board Governor Lisa Cook, finding a statute entitled her to greater due process before removal. The New Civil Liberties Alliance, which filed amicus briefs in both cases, praised the Slaughter decision as a victory for constitutional separation of powers but criticized Cook as shielding Fed governors from presidential accountability.