The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in West Virginia v. B.P.J. that Title IX permits schools to maintain separate women’s and men’s sports teams defined by biological sex. The decision reverses a Fourth Circuit ruling that had found West Virginia’s Save Women’s Sports Act violated Title IX by discriminating based on gender identity. Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote in a concurrence that the term “sex” in Title IX was commonly understood to mean biological sex at the time of its 1972 enactment, and that Congress did not clearly state any condition prohibiting schools from restricting teams to biological women or girls. The New Civil Liberties Alliance had filed an amicus brief supporting this outcome.