The Trump administration said it will send $500 rebate checks in October to one million Americans across 30 states who buy coverage through the federal HealthCare.gov exchange, about 5% of all enrollees. The White House says the Biden administration overcharged consumers through Obamacare exchange user fees passed on as higher premiums, accumulating a surplus, and that the payments return that money. Health policy experts note the payout is a flat payment from an aggregate surplus rather than a refund of individually documented overpayments, since the user fee is a percentage of premium and varies by enrollee. Insurers on HealthCare.gov pay the Department of Health and Human Services a monthly user fee of 2.5% of premium in 2026, which the administration is cutting to 1.9% for 2027, though the accounting mechanism for moving money from the user-fee account to consumers has not been publicly laid out. Critics including Protect Our Care president Brad Woodhouse called the move a political stunt and said $500 is a drop in the bucket compared with what Americans pay after Republicans gutted health care, while experts note the average unsubsidized benchmark silver premium runs about $625 a month for a 40-year-old and roughly $15,900 a year for a 60-year-old, after a 26% jump for 2026.