Japan's centenarian population tops 100,000 for the first time, reaching a record 107,677

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Japan's population aged 100 and over has surpassed 100,000 for the first time. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare said that as of September 15, 2026, the number of centenarians rose to a record 107,677, up from just 153 when records began in 1963 and about 10,000 in 1998. Women make up roughly 88% of all centenarians. United Nations estimates indicate that in 2026 there were about 672,000 centenarians worldwide, with Japan clearly having the largest number of any country. The increase is putting pressure on Japan's fiscal position, since about one in three people, or roughly 40 million, receive state pensions. The ministry has proposed a budget of about 33.7 trillion yen, or 218 billion dollars, for pensions and medical services in the next fiscal year, accounting for nearly a quarter of the roughly 143 trillion yen in total budget requests from all ministries. At the same time, Japan continues to face a declining number of births, with the fertility rate falling for a tenth consecutive year in 2025 and hitting its lowest level since data began in 1947. The number of births was about 671,000, compared with about 1.59 million deaths in the same year. The government estimates that in 2026 the country will need about 2.4 million elderly care workers, up from about 2.1 million in 2024, and is increasingly relying on foreign labour. The number of foreign care workers under the skilled worker visa programme was about 66,000 last year, and the government plans to admit up to 160,700 workers under that framework and a new foreign labour programme.

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