SpaceX launches NASA's $4.3B Roman telescope to probe dark universe

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NASA launched its $4.3 billion Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope on Sunday, beginning a mission expected to last five to 10 years. The telescope lifted off aboard SpaceX's Falcon Heavy rocket at 7:26 a.m. from Cape Canaveral, Florida, and will travel roughly 1 million miles from Earth, with scientific observations scheduled to begin as early as December and first images expected in 2027. Roman will study dark matter and dark energy, invisible phenomena believed to influence galaxy formation and the universe's expansion, and will also search for planets outside the solar system, including worlds that may resemble Earth. Kristen McQuinn, head of the Roman mission office at the Space Telescope Science Institute, said before the launch that "there might be something fundamentally missing from physics as we understand physics, and so Roman has the potential to shed light on that." For investors, the successful launch is another high-profile achievement for Elon Musk's privately held SpaceX and its Falcon Heavy rocket, underscoring continuing government demand for launch services, spacecraft components, and scientific instruments, though Roman's budget history shows how large NASA programs remain vulnerable to cost overruns and shifting political priorities. Named for NASA's first chief astronomer and first female executive, Roman uses a mirror similar in size to Hubble's but its wide-field infrared camera can capture an area 100 times larger and survey the sky far more quickly, with McQuinn noting it can map the sky about 1,000 times faster than Hubble. The mission survived years of rising costs and political uncertainty after being first proposed in the early 2010s, including a 2018 cancellation attempt by the first Trump administration and an early 2025 budget proposal that omitted funding before money was restored.

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